Donald Trump’s commutation yesterday of Roger Stone’s sentence was his most controversial exercise of the pardon power to date. The Stone commutation fit a pattern: Almost all of the beneficiaries of Trump’s pardons and commutations have had a personal or political connection to the president. This general pattern is well known. But we examined publicly available information to try to get some precise numbers. The result is this chart.

We considered whether Trump’s pardons and commutations can be explained by one or more of four criteria: (1) Did it advance a clear political goal of the president?; (2) Did the person who was pardoned have a personal connection to Trump or someone Trump knows well?; (3) Was the person who was pardoned brought to the President’s attention by television or a television commentator?; (4) Was the pardon based on Trump’s admiration for celebrity? Interpretations in some cases were difficult. We tried to be cautious, and we linked to our sources.

The bottom line: In 31 of the 36 Trump pardons/commutations, at least one (and often more than one) of these criteria were satisfied. Other presidents have of course issued what can be seen as self-serving pardons: George H. W. Bush’s pardon of Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger; Bill Clinton’s pardon of his brother Roger and of Susan McDougal, among others; and George W. Bush’s commutation of Scooter Libby’s sentence. But no president in American history comes close to matching Trump’s systematically self-serving use of the pardon power.